There are many different types of electronics. Most of them are based on current flow and use active devices to control it. Electronics started in the early 1900s with the invention of the vacuum tube, a device that amplified and rectified electrical signals. It also allowed the development of radio, television, radar, and long-distance telephony. The early growth of electronics was rapid, and electronics devices were used in a variety of applications, including the music recording industry.
Today, many industries require electronics that can operate in hot environments. While engineers traditionally rely on passive or active cooling for most of their work, some applications are not cooled at all. Nevertheless, operating electronics in hot conditions improves system reliability and reduces cost. However, operating electronics in hot temperatures presents unique challenges in many areas, including the silicon, packaging, and qualification methods used for the circuitry. This requires new design techniques to create a high-performance electronic system.